Aryans used to call dravidians who faught with them bravely as asuras. The mountain tribes of dravidians especially malla, maala, malayas, kuruvas, koyis faught bravely agsinst these Aryan invaders. The Aryans wrote stories about these battles depicting the Dravidians as Asuras and worshipers of Ashuras and the Aryans as Gods and worshipers of Gods.
The Mallas ruled the maharastra before the aryans invaded it. Mala tribes were found in all over india and were proud kings. Adding the name malla in their name was thought to be a matter of prestage and good luck for the kings (Ahavamalla, yuddhamalla, Jagadekamalla, trailkomalla, tribhuvanamalla).
Malla were also called Mhar which eventually took the word Mahar. The word Maharastra in those days meant the kingdom of Mahar (mallas). It was also called as Mallarastra. But as the aryans invaded and the fortune of Mallas was degraded down as low caste people by the invaders, the word Mallarastra lost significance slowly and Maharastra was left behind and the aryans gave it the meaning 'great kingdom'.
The word Pariah in marathi still corresponds to Mahar. Even today, Mallas are found scattered all over the country- Malla Arayar, Malacar, Malayalis, Malavas, Malair, Mallar, Maravar. Mallas are even found in Nepal and north eastern states. But very few Mallas are found in north west India because of the influence of Aryan invaders.
What does the Word Aryan Mean?
The word Aryan had different meaning at different times in Tamil also. According to the oldest Tamil Dictionary (Thevaagaram or Nigandu written may be between 1- 3 Century BC) the word ‘Aryan’ – was defined as Millacher meaning ‘Uncivilized’. Later to mean a person who did not learn Tamil properly and later on it meant outsider. (Ref: Moovendar yaar (Revised Edition) – Page 36). Some old tamil dictionaries also say that Aryan means 'destroyer'.
The Aryan invaders were stopped from entering the south by the vindhya mountains.
When Alexander the great invaded India, he was wounded seriously in a war which took place near Multan. Sir Alexander Burnes writes in his 'travels into Bokhara' (vol 3. p.114) that "Mooltan is styled 'Malli than' or 'Malli tharum' , the place of Malli".
Dravidians were the true possessors of Vedas. The Aryans who invaded the land eventually corrupted them. They changed it as per their wishes and took care that their position in society is not harmed. They said that the dravidian sudras and should not touch nor listen to the Vedas. According to them, aryan brahmins must read vedas and visyas could listen to them. they suppressed the brave Malla and sudra kings very horribly.
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MALLAR @ DEVENDRAKULAVELLALAR ARE THE DESCENDANTS OF
CHERA CHOLA PANDIYAS (MOOVENDAR
HISTORY OF MALLAS
Mallas were one of the oldest tribes in India. They as also called as Mala, Malla, Malicos (by Greeks).
They were the cause of ancient civilization in India. They are mentioned in the Mahabaratha.
They were the basis for Saivaism, Vishnavism (Brahmanism / Hinduism hijaked Saivaism and Vishnavism).
Lord Shiva, Goddess Meenakshi (Durga, Parvathi, Amman), Lord Vishnu, Goddess Lakshmi, Lord Murugan, Lord Vinayak (Ganesh), Lord Krisha are all mentioned as Mallas in ancient literature. The Mallas were also great devotees of Buddha and spread Buddhism during and after te life of Buddha. Buddha died among the Mallas and the Cremation of Buddha was done by the Mallas.
The Mallas were Land Lords and farmers during peace time and warriors during war time. In ancient India as farming was the major and noble profession
they were the first citizens hence Nobles and Kings and were the basis for civilization in India. They built numerous cities in India. Most of the Temples of Lord Shiva, Goddess Amman (Durga), Lord Vishnu (Perumal), Lord Muruga, Lord Ganesh, Lord Krishna were built by them.
When a great and good Malla King died he was cremated and in due course of time a Siva Temple was built at the place of Cremtion.
When a great and good Malla Queen died, she was cremated and in due course of time an Amman Temple was built at that site.
Lord Vishnu (Perumal) represented a living good Malla King.
The Mallas ruled India under several dynasty names. Some of them include Pandiyan, Cholan, Cheran, Pallava, Chalukya Kings.
and the Kings
The Mallas formed rules of war that was noble than what is now devised in the United Nations International rules of War.
Some of them include fight at a designated Battlefield at designated time.
Begin the war after Sunrise with the blow of horn when both armies are ready to fight and stop the war before Sunset with the blow of horn.
Fight only those designated as soldiers and that too those that have weapon and ready to fight.
Do not engage in a fight with soldiers that run from the Battlefield.
They also thought dying in a war fighting is Martyr rather than running away as a coward once initially agreed to fight.
When a subordinate King agreed to pay takes and later refused to pay takes and also refused to fight at a designated place and shuts his city gates then the Superior King send his troops to blow the city walls and plunder the city.
The Greek travelers were so amazed to see people working in farmlands unharmed and without intervention when two armies were fighting in a near by battlefield, such was the code or war conduct of the Mallas.
The Mallas had different forms of Democracy and means of choosing the leader. The village Chiefs were chosen through an election that was caste by polling votes in a leaf and placing in a Pot. The person stating in these elections should have a prescribed minimum amount of land and paid taxes and should not have had any prior criminal records. Several Village Chiefs chose the Chief of Village Chiefs known as Perumal. The Perumals post was a one time tenure of 12 years. Later with change in time the Perumals became Kings and their sons became the succeeding Kings. When a King died without heir the next King or Queen was chosen with the help of the Kings Elephant. After prayers in the Kings Temple, the Royal Kings Elephant was given a garland and taken through the streets. On whom ever the Elephant places the Garland became the next King or Queen. They also elected representatives of villages by placing the list of names all willing participants in a basket and prayed the Village God or Goddess and then picked a draw. Whose ever name came in the draw became a representative. (Now days we consider this as a matter of luck or lottery. But they believed this is the will of God and hence adopted this procedure).
The Kings or Perumal with extraordinary valour, talent and who performed well were considered as God. Note Perumal was later equated to Lord Vishnu. In Tamilnadu even today Vishnu Temples are called Perumal Temples. Note the similarity of roles. Lord Vishnu / Perumal is considered the Protector. In ancient Malla culture the Kings / Perumals were the Protectors of the nation.
A Malla King Perumal of extraordinary valour, talent and who performed well and did good deeds to the nation that died was burnt to ashes and at the place of his cremation a Shiva Lingum was erected and a Lord Shiva Temple was built at this place. There was two-fold significance to the Linga first it meant the person cremated there was a Male, second, the person has become formless and shapeless and reached infinite with God.
Perumal represented the living King and Lord Shiva represented the dead King but attaining infinity, but this was later misinterpreted as Lord Vishnu / Perumal as the Protector God and Lord Shiva as the God of death or destruction. At the place of cremation of a queen with extraordinary valour, talent and who performed well and did good deeds an Amman / Durga Temple was erected. The Mallas lived throughout India but had separate Kingdoms in different dynasty names. The Mallas in the South India ruled by the name of Pandiyas, Cholas, Cheras, Pallavas (Note Pallavas were descendants of Early Cholas.) In North India they lived as Mallas but specific dynasty names are known yet. They were the basis for ancient Indian Civilization and this is the reason throughout India Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu and Lord Durga are the primary Gods.
The Mallas were farmers, landlords, and administrators during peacetime and were warriors during wartime. There were several classifications of workers that supported the civilization and these workers married whom they wanted and performed what job they wanted. THERE WAS NO CASTE IN INDIA AT THAT TIME.
BUT AS THE MALLAS DID NOT ADOPT / SUPPORT BRAHAMANISM they were excommunicted when they lost power to rulers that supported Brahmanism and were gradually made Untouchables over a period of 200 to 300 years. The bulk of this change happened mostly after the 13th Century.
Mallas, Malas are scattered all around India and some around the World.
NOTE: The later Cholas expanded their reign through out South India, East India, North East India, and East and South of the Peninsular India.
One of the great grand sons of Raja Raja Cholan, called as Kulotungan was also called by name Karikala (In honor / rememberance of the Great Early Chola Karikala). The current Nepal Kings claim they are Mallas and the originator of their Kingdom in Nepal was by name Karakala during the 13t Century A.D. The time period fits ith the Karikala Chola of later Cholas.
CURRENT STATUS OF MALLAS
In Tamilnadu
The Cholas and Chalukyas together defeated the Pallavas in about 9th Century A.D. (Though the Pallavas were Mallas and were the descendants of Cholas. Illandirayan, the grandson of Early Chola Karikala was the originator of the Pallavas).
The Pandiyas defeated the Cholas in about the 14th Century A.D. (Though they were both Mallas and were relatives).
The Pandiyas were defeated through trickery by the Nayaks of Vijayanagar. After that all the Mallas of Tamilnadu were termed as Pallas by the Nayaks. The Titles of the Mallas like Vellala, Pannadi, Mannadi are used by other newly formed castes with the introduction of Brahamanism by the Nayaks. The Mallas prefer to call by name Devendrakulam /
Devendralula Vellala to mean descandants of Lord Indra, Kudumban to mean the chief of Village.
In Kerala
The Cheras were defeated during the Kalabara upraisal and did not come back to power.
Many descandants of the Cholas and Pandiyas left Tamilnadu after their defeat and live in Kerala also by name Mannaadi.
In Andra
The Mallas are called by name Malas nowadays. They are mostly the descendants of Cholas and Pandiyas.
In Karnataka
In Maharastra
The Mallas are called by name Malas, Mallas, Mahars nowadays. The GREAT Dr.B.R.Ambedkar is a Malla.
In Gujarat
In MadyaPradesh
In Utterpradesh
In Bihar
In Kashmir and Himalayas
In Nepal
In Pakistan and Afganistan
In SriLanka
In Indonasia, Malyasia
In Thailand
Facts:-
In ancient times (~ 3000-1000 BC Indus valley civilization) Dravidians (Tamilians - Please read Who are Dravidians below) lived and ruled through out India (Current India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Afganistan, Parts of Iran)
Pandian, Chola and Cheran Kings came from some other place (legend and hearsay says from the drowned continent Lemuria), settled in South India and diverted rivers and built banks to rivers, brought different spices of plants like rice (paddy), Banana, Turmeric, Beatle nuts, Palm tree etc, dug wells, created agriculture lands, created towns, cities, spread the Tamil language by organizing Tamil Sangam, created the concept of family with father as the head of the family, formed democracy (elected representatives called Perumal as chiefs for a one time tenure of 12 years), devised noble rule of war (Fight at a designated battle field to decide the victor and loser, fight only after day break and before sunset, fight only the designated solders, and that too only the soldiers that have weapons and not to attack a coward soldier who ran from attack) and created civilization.
Legends passed through generations say that Pandian, Cholan and Cheran were the children of same Mother and lived together in Korkai. The eldest, Pandian stayed there but Cholan and Cheran moved north and Cheran established in Vanjee and Cholan established in Ooraiuoor.
There were several language speaking people at that time. The important one among them were Naagar (Nagas), Oliar, Aruvaalar, Yeinar, Kurumbar.
To spread the Tamil language the three Tamil Kings, especially Pandian kings took great measure. Pandian King (Ookira-peru-valu-thee – considered to be the incarnation of Lord Shiva) researched the language with the sage Agathian and started the First Tamil Sangam (A campaign ) to spread the language.
Pandian King Ookiraperuvaluthee went to Deva World, and brought sons of Devas and Devis with the seedlings of several grains and plants, dug several wells, started agriculture and made the land fertile.
Somasundara Pandian (Lord Shiva) conquered Himalayas and established his reign there.
Tadathagai Peraatee (Meenkshi Goddess Parvathi), Pandian Princess conquered up to Himalayas and married Lord Shiva.
Lord Murugan (Pandian Prince, Son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathi) commandeered the army of Devas and conquered several Kingdoms.
Chola King Gaandamun dug the Koodaku mountain and brought the Kaveri river to Chola country.
Chola King Karikaalan (ancient Cholas) build the Kall-aanai (Dam) to divert the Kaveri river to the lands were water was necessary. Another Chola King Karikaalan (later Cholas) built banks to the river Kaveri.
Karigaalan’s grand son Eelandirayan conquered the Tondaimandalam lands from the native Oliar, Aruvaalar, Yeinar, Kurumbar and immigrated Tamilians to that land and started agriculture in that area. His dynasty later became the Pallavas.
Lord Buddha liked the Malla Kingdoms, lived and spent his last years in the Malla Kingdom and died there. Last rites to Buddha were done by the Mallas. (The Malla country was a non-Monarchy at that period)
With Pandian and Tamil Kings, colonies of Roman subjects engaged in trade and settled in South India. Roman soldiers (European soldiers) acted as body guards to Tamil Kings and Roman soldiers worked in the Pandian army and army of other Tamil Kings.
Pandian Nedunj-Cheliyan was called as Aryappadai-Kaderetha- Nedunj-Cheliyan, meaning Destroyer of Aryan army - Nedunj-Cheliyan Pandian. (Please review who are the Aryans below as there is a false notion that Brahmins are Aryans)
During the end of 3rd Century A.D. the Tamil Kings went into oblivion (became smaller kings) due to Kalabiras. The 3rd Tamil Sangam stopped with that. (Till now there is no history pointing to who the Kalabiras are. But Thiru.R.Devasirvatham thinks it was an internal revolt that happened through out India that lead to Chaos through out India. It should be noted that this was the period when the Buddist Mauryan Emperor Brihadratha was murdered by one of his commanders and a Brahminism / Hinduism based society started emerging in North India).
The Pallavas moved to the north (current Andra State) during this period, adopted a different language, but came back to Tondaimandalam in the 4th Century AD and expanded and ruled till 9th Century AD.
During 6th Century AD Pandian King Kadungoan defeated the Kalabiras and once again established the Pandian Kingdom.
Pandian Kings were Jains at this time. Then Pandian King Nedumaaran (also called as KoonPandian) who married Chola Princess Mangayar-karaasi became Saivam (Devotee of Lord Shiva) from Jainism.
Pandian Kings supported the Cholas during this time and waged several wars against the Pallavas and gradually expanded their empire into the Pallava Empire.
During the 9th Century AD, Chola King Vijayalayan defeated Muthirayar (A part of the Pandian Clan) in Thanjavur and established the Chola Kingdom.
The Chola empire expanded under Raja Raja Cholan (Original name Arul-molli-varman) and his son, Rajendra Cholan. Their empire was unchallenged through out India. They had their administrative control upto Mid India (Maharastra, Madyapradesh, Orissa, Bengal ) in the North, the entire South India, Srilanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia in the South.
The Cholas built 1000s of Temples through out their Empire. The Bragadeeswarar Big Temple in Thanjavur, Chidambaram Natarajar Temple, Tiruvarur Temple were built by Cholas. (A side note: At present it is not known who built the Temples in Elephanta Caves. The Elephanta Caves have big sculpture of Lord Murugan. Lord Murugan is considered as a Tamil God. So the Elephanta Caves may be built by a Malla / Tamil King)
During 13th Century AD, Chola Empire began to decline. Because of the humiliation done to Pandian King by Cholan Kulothungan earlier, Pandian King SundaraPandian destroyed most part of Cholan Empire, burnt Tanjavur leaving only the Temples and the Convention Center (16 leg Mandapam) Built by Cholan Karikaalan.
The Pandian Empire was rich with GOLD, Pearl and Spices. The City Gates of Madurai (Capital of Pandian King at that time) was ornamented with Gold and Pearls.
During 14th Century Pandian empire began to decline because of frequent attacks my Muslim Kings. Muslim Kings raided cities, killed hundreds of thousands of citizens and took huge amount (tonnes and tonnes) of gold and Jewellery to Delhi. (It is to be noted there were about 20,000 Muslim soldiers in the Pandian army. But these soldiers betrayed the Pandian Kings and joined the Muslim army when Muslim army attacked Pandian Kingdom. A part of the modern Kallan community was Muslims at that time. As evidence the Kallan community follow certain Muslim customs like Sunnath -removing the foreskin of Pennies, having horse tail’s hair in the Mangalsudram -Taali or Wedding chain of the bride - wife)
During the end of 14th Century Vijayanagar army chiefs came to Madurai and defeated the Muslim rulers with the help of Pandian Chiefs and the Vijayanagar army chief established his rule in Madurai. Gradually Vijayanagar army and citizens moved to Chola and Pandian Kingdom and removed the privileges of the Tamil elite – Removal of land ownership from Tamils (Mallar – Devendrakulathar, Original Vellala) and forcebly transfered ownership of Land and Title to Telugu Nayaks, Telugu Brahmins and others who supported the Nayak rule. New rules were passed to stop contact with Pandian and their relatives by general citizens. Rule were passed to prevent contact and intermarriage between the 18 worker communities that supported the Tamil society and Tamil Kings, Nayaks encouraged Pallu literature and changed Name of the successors of Tamil Kings and their relatives from Malla to Pallan. Due to censure, low status and avoidance of contact with supporters of Tamil Kings many of the Mallars migrated to Kerala (Mannradiar), Ceylon and Malayasia. The Nayaks allowed other Tribes to Plunder the Mallas, motivated other communities to challange the Mallas and to claim their title, elevated the status and privilege of supporters of Telugu rule, Telugu Brahmins and encouraged Sanskrit.
After the Mallas-humiliated as Pallas, went through several distress, oppression and quarantine, many of them converted to Christianity, Islam but many still remain as Hindus. It should be noted and emphasized again that the Mallas were the originators, guardians, Gods, Goddess, devotees and builders of the Saivite and Vishnavite religion which is the basis of current but transformed Hinduism. But the descendants of Mallas were made low in the society that enjoys and cherishes the culture and civilization built by the Mallas.
Facts on Indian Religion.
1. Lord Siva represents eternity and infinity with any form and shape and without form and shape, visible and invisible. When a great Malla King died, his body was burnt to ashes and a Lingum was erected. Then a Siva Temple was built on the site. So a Malla King who left the World and joined eternity was represented by the Lingam (formless, infinite and eternal) who reached Lord Siva.
(The temple built on the cremation of Raja Raja Chola was found recently in Darasaram, near Kumbakonam in Tanjavur district of Tamilnadu). The Lingams in Indus valley represent the same as explained above.
2. Lord Vishnu is the Protector. In olden days the King was the Protector. King was considered a God. The King or chief of several chiefs of villages was called as Perumal (an elected tenure for 12 years) (Ref: Moovendar yaar (Revised Edition) – Page 75). It is to be noted Lord Vishnu was also called as Perumal in Tamilnadu. So the living King, the protector of the nation and his subjects represented Lord Vishnu.
Questions and References
1. Who are the Dravidians – Dravidians means Tamilians
From ‘THE UNTOUCHABLES WHO WERE THEY AND WHY THEY BECAME UNTOUCHABLES?’, CHAPTER VII, RACIAL DIFFERENCE AS THE ORIGIN OF UNTOUCHABILITY’ By Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
“The second thing to be borne in mind is that the word 'Dravida' is not an original word. It is the Sanskritized form of the word Tamil'.
The original word Tamil' when imported into Sanskrit became Damita and later on Damilla became Dravida. The word Dravida is the name of the language of the people and does not denote the race of the people. The third thing to remember is that Tamil or Dravida was not merely the language of South India but before the Aryans came it was the language of the whole of India and was spoken from Kashmere to Cape Camorin.”
2. What is the meaning of Aryan in ancient Rig Veda?
The word Aryan had different meaning at different times. The word Aryan was used with the context and meaning of ‘Enemy’ in earliest Rig Vedas. In later Rig Veda poems the word Aryan was used in the context to mean ‘Respectable Noble’ and then later to mean ‘Citizen’ [From WHO WERE THE SHUDRAS? By Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, APPENDIX III Different meanings of the word "Arya" found in the Rig Veda.]
3. What is the meaning of Aryan in ancient Tamil?
The word Aryan had different meaning at different times in Tamil also. According to the oldest Tamil Dictionary (Thevaagaram or Nigandu written may be between 1- 3 Century BC) the word ‘Aryan’ – was defined as Millacher meaning ‘Uncivilized’. Later to mean a person who did not learn Tamil properly and later on it meant outsider. (Ref: Moovendar yaar (Revised Edition) – Page 36)
4. What is Rig Veda?
Originally. it was a collection of songs written by Kings, Sages about the life and activities of Indra and his country, songs written by Sages in praise of Indra and requesting for wealth, songs pleading Indra to protect them from enemies (Asuras and Aryans!). Later with the birth of Brahminism, songs were added to explain creation, three divisions of labour - Varnas (Brahmin, Khsatria and Vayshia). A much later collection called the 'Purusha Sukta' was added as part of Rig Veda. The ‘Purusha Sukta‘ included a fourth division called Sudra and changed the pre-existing 3 labour divisions into four social classes – Jaadee (Brahmin, Khsatria, Vayshia and Sudra)
5. Who is Indra?
Indra was the name given to the King of the Devas (Title for the King of Devas). Like the term ‘King’ itself Indra meant the King of Devas. Indra was not a single person but a title. The word Indra was coined from ‘Devar-Vendan’ (Vendan meaning King in Tamil), meaning King of Devas, then was called as Deva-Vendan. Then the two words collapsed to one word as ‘Devendran’ and the last part was used as Indran (Tamil) and Indra (Sanskritized form).
In Kerla Cheran Kings were called as Indra. (Ref: Moovendar yaar (Revised Edition) – Page 75). Pandian Kings were also called as Indra. (Ref: Moovendar yaar (Revised Edition) – Page 85, 93).
6. Now a day there is a notion that Brahmin means Aryan. Is it true that all Brahmins are Aryans?
Who are the Brahmins and who are the Aryans
------------------------
Inference from Facts
Inference that can be made based on Moovendar Yaar? (Thiru.R.Deva Asirvatham), Pallar Alla Mallar aam Mannar, Tamil Illakiathil Pallar (Mallar) Devendrakula Vellalar (Dr.Guruswamy Siddan), Who are the Sudras? (Dr.B.R.Ambedkar)
It should be noted that in the Vedas, Lord Indra and the Devas are called for help through Mantras but they do not claim any relationship with the Devas. But the Tamil kings celebrated Indra vella (Festival) every year and had Indra as their God. The Devendrakulam community also claim they are the descendants of Lord Indra and the Devas and have symbolically used the objects owned by Lord Indra like White Elephant, Round White Umbrella, 16 pillar building and tent (Pandal), 18 types of Musical sounds for their festival etc. So one should think about history and relation between Indra, Vedas, Tamil Kings, Mallar and Devendrakulam community and who the Devas, Aryans really were.
The origin of Brahmanism, Caste and Riddles in Hinduism
1.Word Aryaan=Arya means better or free of sins, and it does not depict to any race or caste or religion.
It just tells the intellectual or philosophical nature of a man.
2. The attachment of religion or caste etc was added later to Arya word after the corruption in the society of Aryans and the advent of Islam in Indian subcontinent.
3.Later some social reformers realized the true meaning and accent of Hindus and propagated that correct word for Hindu is actually Arya.
Very good information
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